-Delile
- Ukushada kwasekuqaleni nokukhulelwa
- Ingozi yokukhulelwa kwentsha
- Ukuzalwa kwentsha okuningi kungenzeka
- Ukufa komama abasebancane ngesikhathi sokubeletha
- Izingozi enganeni lapho ibeletha
- Amathuba aphezulu ama-STD
- Ukudangala kwangemva kokubeletha
- Ingcindezi yokushada isencane
- Ukuyeka isikole
- Imithetho ingawukhawulela umshado wentsha
- Ukukhulelwa kwentsha kungavinjelwa kanjani
Ukukhulelwa kwentsha kubandakanya amava abhekene nengane yakho kanye nomndeni wakho noma umuntu omaziyo ohlangabezana nokukhulelwa kwentsha.
Ingozi yokukhulelwa kwentsha iyinsongo esondelayo futhi iza nezinselelo ezihlukile. Kubalulekile ukufunda ngezingozi zokukhulelwa kwentsha namathiphu awusizo wokubhekana nokukhulelwa nezinkinga ezihlobene nazo.
Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi ukukhulelwa kwentsha e-U.S kuye kwehla kusukela ngawo-1990.
Ngokusho koMkhankaso Kazwelonke Wokuvimbela Ukukhulelwa Kwentsha Nokungafuneki, ngo-2013 amazinga okukhulelwa amantombazane asemasha aneminyaka engu-15-19 ayengaphezudlwana nje kokuzalwa kwama-26 kwabangu-1 000.
Izindaba ezimbi ukuthi kusenezingozi eziningi emantombazaneni asakhula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokubeletha, futhi kunemithetho eyenza umshado wokuqala ube nzima.
Ukushada kwasekuqaleni nokukhulelwa
Ukukhulelwa kwentsha nokushada isencane kuhlangene kabi.
Ukushada kwentsha nokukhulelwa kuphazamisa ukufunda, kunciphisa umsebenzi, namathuba esikhathi esizayo futhi kubeka amantombazane engcupheni eshaqisayo yokutheleleka nge-HIV kanye nodlame lwasekhaya.
Ngokusobala, ukushada usemncane akuwona umqondo omuhle.
Ingozi yokukhulelwa kwentsha
Ziyini izingozi zokukhulelwa kwentsha?
Iningi lokukhulelwa kwentsha alihlelwanga, futhi amantombazane asemasha ngokuvamile awakulungele umthwalo olethwa ukukhulelwa. Nakhu ukubuka konke ngobungozi bokukhulelwa kwentsha.
Okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu, kungenzeka bangazi ukuthi bazoyinakekela kanjani imizimba yabo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Abaningi bangase bangazi izinyanga eziningi ukuthi bakhulelwe, noma lapho bethola ukuthi bakhulelwe bangakufihla isikhashana.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi umama okhulelwe osemusha kungenzeka angathathi amavithamini avamile ngaphambi kokubeletha noma athole ukunakekelwa okufanele ngaphambi kokubeletha kudokotela.
Abanye bangakhathazeka ngezindleko, bengazi ukuthi izifundazwe eziningi zinikela ngezinhlelo zokuba omama abasebasha bathole ukunakekelwa.
Ngeshwa, intsha ekhulelwe isengozini enkulu yokuthola umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-preeclampsia ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, okungathinta kabi impilo kamama osemusha uma kungalawulwa.
Izingozi zokukhulelwa ezisencane zifaka phakathi ukubhekana nokudangala, i-anemia, kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokugula kwengqondo.
Lezi ngezinye zezingozi ezimbi zokukhulelwa kwentsha.
Ukuzalwa kwentsha okuningi kungenzeka
Omama abasebasha asebevele benengane eyodwa banamathuba aphindwe kahlanu okuba nengane yesibili phakathi neminyaka yabo yobusha kunabomama asebekhulile. Lokhu kungazwakala kungavamile, kepha ukukhulelwa okuphindaphindiwe akuvamile kumama abasha.
Lokhu kuyingozi enkulu yokukhulelwa kwentsha futhi kungumphumela odabukisayo kumzali osemncane, okhungathekile.
Ukufa komama abasebancane ngesikhathi sokubeletha
Kulabo abazala ngaphambi kokuba babe neminyaka engu-15, ngeshwa, basengozini enkulu yokufa lapho bebeletha kunabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-20 +.
Isibalo siphakeme impela — empeleni maningi amathuba okuba afe.
Ngamantombazane amadala aseminyakeni yobudala eyi-15-19, kukhona nezingozi. Cishe i-70,000 yentsha ekhulelwe kuleyo minyaka yobudala ifa unyaka ngamunye ngenxa yezinkinga zokubeletha.
Izingozi enganeni lapho ibeletha
Omama abasebasha banamathuba amaningi okuthi babelethe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba umntwana akulungele ukungena emhlabeni.
Lokhu kwandisa amathuba okufa kwengane noma ezinye izindaba lapho izalwa, njengokuphefumula, umbono nokubambezeleka kokukhula.
Ingcuphe enkulu yezokwelapha yokukhulelwa kwentsha - omama abasebancane nabo banamathuba amaningi okuthi bazale izingane ezinesisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa (izingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi zingaba yizingane ezinesisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa, kepha kanjalo nezinye izingane zesikhathi esigcwele).
Izingane ezinesisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa ngokuvamile zinethuba elinzima lokukhula lapho zizalwa futhi zingadinga usizo olwengeziwe futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nesikhathi eMnyangweni Wokunakekelwa Okubalulekile Kwe-Neonatal.
Amathuba aphezulu ama-STD
Intsha eyenza ucansi inengozi enkulu yokuthola ama-STD, okungabeka engcupheni impilo yentsha, futhi uma ingane ikhulelwa, i-STD ingalimaza nengane.
Intsha esebenza ngokocansi kufanele ihlale isebenzisa amakhondomu ukuvimbela amathuba okuthola i-STD.
Ukudangala kwangemva kokubeletha
Ukubhekana nokudangala kwangemva kokubeletha kuyingozi enkulu yokukhulelwa kwentsha.
Ngokusho kweCentre for Disease Control, omama abasebasha basengozini enkulu yokuthola ukucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha. Bangazizwa bebodwa, noma bengakulungele lokhu kuguqulwa kwempilo, futhi kungenzeka bangazi ukuthi banenkinga noma ukuthi bangalutholaphi usizo.
Amantombazane asemasha azizwa ecindezelekile kufanele akhulume nodokotela wabo ngezindlela zokwelashwa ukuze bakwazi ukuzinakekela kangcono bona nezingane zabo.
Ingcindezi yokushada isencane
Lapho amantombazane asemasha ebhekene nethuba lokuba nomntwana, kunezindlela eziningi ongazicabangela.
Uma bengacabangi ukunikela ngengane ukuba itholwe, noma ngeke bathole ukwesekwa ekusizeni ukukhulisa ingane kubazali, khona-ke intombazane ingazizwa ukuthi inketho kuphela ukushada nobaba wengane.
Yize kwesinye isikhathi le mishado yentsha isebenza isikhathi eside, ezikhathini eziningi ayisebenzi.
Intombazane esencane kungenzeka ukuthi ayikakulungeli ukunakekela ingane noma ukuzibophezela komshado. Uma ubaba futhi esemncane impela, kungenzeka angabi nalo ulwazi noma ukuvuthwa kokuxhasa ngokwezimali nangokomzwelo umfazi omusha nomntwana.
Ukuyeka isikole
Lapho amantombazane asakhula ekhulelwa, ethola ingane futhi eshada, ezikhathini eziningi isikole sinzima kakhulu ukuqhubeka.
Omama abaningi abasebasha bagcina besishiyile isikole — mhlawumbe okusho ukuthi isikhathi esifushane kuphela, kodwa uma besale isikhathi eside bengayi esikoleni kuba nzima ukubuyela emuva.
Ngezidingo eziningi kangaka zomntwana omusha futhi mhlawumbe nomshado omusha, bagxila kakhulu ekondleni lo mndeni omusha kunokucabanga ngemfundo ephakeme.
Imithetho ingawukhawulela umshado wentsha
Ngenkathi abanye abazali abasha abasha bengafuna ukushada, imithetho ezifundazweni ezahlukahlukene ingenza izinto zibe nzima kancane.
Isibonelo, e-Alabama yentsha eneminyaka engu-15-17 (letha isitifiketi sokuzalwa), abazali kumele babe khona (nge-ID) futhi babe nomyalelo wenkantolo. Kwamanye amazwe, ubuncane beminyaka yokushada yi-16.
Kwezinye izifundazwe, awudingi ukuthi abazali bakho babe khona. Qiniseka ukuthi ufunda imithetho esifundazweni sakho ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele okudingekayo nemikhawulo yeminyaka.
Omama abasebasha bakha ingxenye encane yabantu kulezi zinsuku kuneminyaka engama-20 noma engama-30 edlule, kepha kulabo abasabeletha bebancane, kunezingozi eziningi.
Omama abasebasha babhekana nezingozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokubeletha, kanti nengane nayo ibhekene nezingozi ezinkulu. Futhi, omama abasebasha nabo bangafuna ukushada besebancane, futhi noma lokho kunganqunyelwe ngumthetho.
Ukukhulelwa kwentsha kungavinjelwa kanjani
Ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa okungafunwa kwentsha kufanele kube yinto ephambili. Imfundo nokwazisa ngobungozi bokukhulelwa kwentsha kuyizihluthulelo zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa okungahlosiwe.
Kunezinhlelo ezisuselwa ebufakazini ezixhasa ngenkuthalo izinhlangano ezisiza ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa kwentsha kulo lonke elaseMelika.
Ukuvikela ukukhulelwa kwentsha, kubalulekile ukuthi amantombazane nabafana abasebasha babe nokuqonda okuphelele ngokugwema ukuya ocansini, izindlela zokuvikela inzalo ezisebenzayo, imiphumela engenakuguqulwa yokukhulelwa okungahlosiwe kanye nezingozi zokukhulelwa kwentsha.