-Delile
- Izinto ezingekho emthethweni nokukhulelwa
- Cocaine
- Insangu
- Ukubhema nokukhulelwa
- Utshwala nokukhulelwa
- Basengozini yokuthola ukukhubazeka ekufundeni
- Izimangalo zakamuva
Omama bafuna okungcono kakhulu ezinganeni zabo. Kungakho beguqula izindlela zabo zokuphila, badle ukudla okunempilo, bafunde izincwadi eziningi zokukhulelwa nezokuba ngumzali, benze namathani amaningi okulungiselela lapho belindele.
Abesifazane abakhulelwe babekezelela ushintsho olukhulu olwenzeka emizimbeni yabo, ukushintsha kwemizwelo eguquguqukayo, izifiso ezingalawuleki, kanye namahomoni enza umonakalo esimweni somzimba nengqondo yabo.
Bavakashela umtholampilo ukuyohlolwa njalo ngaphambi kokubeletha kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound nokunye ukuhlolwa kwezempilo. Benza izinto eziningi ezibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umbungu unempilo futhi ukhula kahle.
Kepha eminyakeni edlule, kube nokwanda okwandayo kwabesifazane abasebenzisa izidakamizwa notshwala nababhemayo ngenkathi bekhulelwe. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, konke lokho umama okhulelwe akufaka emzimbeni wakhe cishe njalo kufinyelela enganeni esibelethweni sakhe.
Noma kungukudla okunothile komsoco nezithasiselo noma izinto eziyingozi njenge-nicotine, utshwala nezidakamizwa, noma yini engena emzimbeni womuntu okhulelwe ingathinta kakhulu umbungu.
Ukuvezwa kulezi zinto eziyingozi kungaba nemiphumela emibi, kwesinye isikhathi ebulalayo, kumbungu, kanye nakumama okhulelwe.
Izinto ezingekho emthethweni nokukhulelwa
Izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni, kufaka phakathi i-cocaine ne-methamphetamine, ziyaziwa ukuthi zinemiphumela emibi emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi ukulimala komzimba, unyawo oluphakeme, ukonakala kwezicubu, i-psychosis, kanye nokulutha.
Kumntwana okhulayo, ukuvezwa kwezidakamizwa kungaholela ekukhubazekeni okukhulu ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo okungabakhubaza impilo yabo yonke noma kubabulale kusenesikhathi.
Cocaine
I-cocoaine, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-coke, i-coca, noma i-flake, ingadala umonakalo ngokushesha nasempilweni yombungu. Izingane ezivezwe yilomuthi esibelethweni kungenzeka zikhule zinokukhubazeka ngokomzimba nokuntula kwengqondo.
Izingane ezivezwe yi-cocoaine zisengozini enkulu yokukhubazeka unomphela kokuzalwa okuvame ukuthinta umgudu wenhliziyo nomchamo, kanye nokuzalwa ngamakhanda amancane, angakhombisa i-IQ ephansi.
Ukuchayeka ku-cocaine nakho kungadala ukushaywa unhlangothi, okungaphela ekulimaleni unomphela kobuchopho noma ekufeni kombungu.
Kumuntu okhulelwe, ukusebenzisa i-cocaine kwandisa amathuba okuphuphunyelwa isisu ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa nokubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi nokubeletha okunzima esikhathini esizayo. Lapho kuzalwa usana, bangaba nesisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa futhi bacasuke ngokweqile futhi kube nzima ukusondla.
Insangu
Ukubhema insangu noma ukuyifaka nganoma iyiphi indlela akuyona into engcono.
Insangu (ebizwa nangokuthi ukhula, imbiza, idope, imifino, noma i-hash) yaziwa ngomphumela wayo wokusebenzisa ingqondo kumsebenzisi. Kubanga isimo senjabulo, lapho umsebenzisi ezwa khona injabulo enkulu nokungabi bikho kobuhlungu, kepha futhi kubangela ukuguquka kwemizwelo okungazelelwe, kusuka enjabulweni kuye ekukhathazekeni, ukuphumula kuye ekuphambanweni.
Ezinganeni ezingakazalwa, ukuvezwa kwensangu ngesikhathi sisesibelethweni sikanina kungaholela ekubambezelekeni kokukhula ebusaneni nasezigabeni zakamuva zempilo yabo.
Kunezicucu zobufakazi obukhombisa ukuthi ukutholakala kwensangu ngaphambi kokubeletha kungaholela ekukhuleni nasekukhuleni kwengqondo ezinganeni.
Izinsana ezizalwa ngabesifazane abasebenzisa i-cannabis ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zitholakale ukuthi "ziguqule izimpendulo ezenzweni ezibukwayo, zanda ukuthuthumela, nokukhala okukhulu, okungabonisa izinkinga ngokukhula kwezinzwa," ngokusho kweNational Institute on Drug Abuse's (noma ama-NIDA) Ukusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa Embikweni Wokucwaninga Kwabesifazane.
Izingane ezivezwe yinsangu nazo kungenzeka zihlakulele izimpawu zokuhoxa kanye nethuba eliphakeme lokusetshenziswa kwensangu lapho sezikhulile.
Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabo banamathuba aphindwe ama-2.3 okuba basazale. Azikho izifundo zabantu ezixhumanisa insangu nokuphuphuma kwesisu, kepha ucwaningo ngezilwane ezikhulelwe lithole ingozi eyengeziwe yokuphuphuma kwesisu nokusetshenziswa kwensangu ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa.
Ukubhema nokukhulelwa
Ukubhema ugwayi kungabulala abantu futhi kudale umdlavuza.
Umbungu esibelethweni awukhululwa emiphumeleni eyingozi yokubhema kukanina. Ngoba umama nengane engakazalwa ixhunywe nge-placenta nasentanjeni yesibeletho, umbungu ubuye umunce i-nicotine namakhemikhali e-carcinogenic avela kugwayi umama abhemayo.
Uma lokhu kwenzeka ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, umbungu usengozini enkulu yokuthola ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuhlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukukhubazeka okubizwa nge-septal, okuyimbobo phakathi kwamakamelo enhliziyo angakwesobunxele nangakwesokudla.
Iningi lezingane ezizalwa zinesifo senhliziyo esizalwe naso aziphili onyakeni wazo wokuqala wokuphila. Labo abaphilayo bazobhekwa impilo yonke ukwelashwa nokwelashwa, ukwelashwa nokuhlinzwa.
Abesifazane abakhulelwe ababhemayo nabo bangaba sengozini enkulu yezinkinga ze-placenta, ezingavimba ukulethwa komsoco embungwini, okuholele ekutheni kube nesisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa, ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, nengane ikhule ibe nenkalakahla.
Ukubhema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuhlotshaniswa nesifo sokufa kwezinsana ngokuzumayo (SIDS), kanye nomonakalo onomphela ebuchosheni nasemaphashini wombungu, nasezinsaneni ezine-colic.
Utshwala nokukhulelwa
I-Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) kanye ne-fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) yizinkinga ezenzeka ezinganeni ebezichayeke otshwaleni ngesikhathi zisesibelethweni.
Izingane ezine-FAS zizokwakha izici zobuso ezingavamile, ukukhubazeka kokukhula, nezinkinga ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi.
Basengozini yokuthola ukukhubazeka ekufundeni
Kufaka phakathi lokho okuthinta isikhathi sabo sokunaka kanye nokuphazamiseka kokungasebenzi kahle, ukubambezeleka kokukhuluma nolimi, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, izinkinga zokubona nezokuzwa, nezinkinga zenhliziyo, izinso namathambo.
Ngaphandle kokunye okushiwo abanye ochwepheshe, i-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) igcizelela ngokuqinile ukuthi ayikho "indlela ephuzile yokuphuza utshwala" kanye "nesikhathi esiphephile sokuphuza utshwala" ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Utshwala, intuthu kagwayi, nezidakamizwa, okube nemiphumela emibi kubantu abakhule ngokugcwele, kuyingozi enkulu embungwini osakhula. Umama okhulelwe uxhunyaniswe nombungu wakhe nge-placenta nangezintambo.
Uma ebhema, ephuza utshwala, edla izidakamizwa, noma ebenza bobathathu, ingane yakhe esesibelethweni nayo ithola lokho ekudlayo — i-nicotine, izinto ezithinta ingqondo notshwala. Ngenkathi owesifazane okhulelwe engathola imiphumela emibi emincane nemikhulu, ingane yakhe cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi iqinisekisiwe ukuthi izothola imiphumela emibi ezobathwala impilo yabo yonke.
Izimangalo zakamuva
Izinsizakusebenza eziningi nabantu abazichaza njengochwepheshe bezokwelapha basanda kusho ukuthi ukudla okuncane noma okulungiswe ngokucophelela kwezinto ezithile, njengotshwala, ngeke kube nemiphumela emibi ehlala njalo kumama okulindelwe nasenganeni engakazalwa.
Njengamanje, alukho ucwaningo olwanele lokubuyisela lesi simangalo. Njengesixwayiso sokuphepha, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abathembekile nabanolwazi batusa ukugwema noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezidakamizwa (kungaba ezomthetho noma ezingekho emthethweni), utshwala nogwayi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.