Ukubeka abazali bokutholwa kwezintandane sekuyisikhathi eside bekhona emasikweni amaningi.
E-USA, ukunakekelwa kwabantwana abakhulisiwe kwamukelwa eMthethweni Ompofu WesiNgisi ukuthumela izingane emakhaya ngenhloso yokuthola usizo lwezempilo. Isakhiwo savela ngezindlela eziningana eminyakeni engamakhulu ambalwa ezayo, kepha izingane zisabhekene nohlobo oluthile lwensizakalo engabhalisiwe ngokuhlukunyezwa nokuxhashazwa.
Kuze kwaba ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1900 lapho uhulumeni athatha khona iqhaza elibonakalayo ekuqapheni izimo zekhaya nezengane. Namuhla, ngemuva kweminyaka eyikhulu, umsebenzi awukapheli. Kusekhona amacala okuhlukunyezwa nokuxhashazwa kwezingane ezingaphansi kokukhuliswa ngabantu abangebona abazali bazo.
Ngokuya ngebhulogi le-Youth Today, izehlakalo zokuhlukunyezwa zisezingeni lengane eyodwa kwezintathu, kuyilapho yona leyo bhulogi ithi izifundo zangaphakathi zoMbuso zikhombisa ukuthi lezo zinombolo ziphansi koyedwa ezinganeni ezingama-337.Izingane eziyisishiyagalolunye kweziyishumi ezisenkulisa zithola ukuhlukunyezwa ngenkathi zisesimisweni. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane ekunakekelweni ngabazali akumangalisi uma kubhekwa umsuka wazo.
Inkinga ukuthi, uma ukuhlukunyezwa ekunakekelweni ngabazali kukhulu ngendlela ethusayo, kusho ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwesikhashana kwanoma yini akufani nokwakudala.
Izikhathi zokuhlukunyezwa nokunganakwa ekunakekelweni ngabazali emphakathini wesimanje
Ngokwezibalo zabo, zingaphezu kuka-90% izingane eziseFoster Care ezinganakiwe noma ezihlukunyezwayo. Bathi ngenxa yomthelela ngokwengqondo nangokomzwelo ovela kulokhu kuhlukunyezwa, iningi lezingane ligcina livalelwe ejele, embonini yokushushumbisa ubulili, noma ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Inhlangano yabo engenzi nzuzo ithatha indawo yezinsizakalo zezingane futhi isize ukuhlola izindlu ezinhle zezingane ze-Foster ngenkathi ihlala ngaphansi kwazo kuze kube lelo khaya litholakala. Banokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo mathupha kwamacala angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezinhlanu ezingane ezahlukunyezwa ngenkathi zinakekelwa nguhulumeni iFoster care.
n Iphepha lakudala le-NCBI likhombisa ukuthi esifundeni esisodwa eMidwestern USA (indawo enabantu abaningi), amacala ayi-125 okuhlukunyezwa eFoster care abikwa esikhathini esiyizinyanga eziyi-18. Khipha lezo zinombolo ngenani lamadolobha kuzo zonke izifundazwe zase-US ezweni lonke, inani labantu ngokwesifunda ngasinye, bese liphindaphindwa ngo-6, lapho-ke kuzoba yisibalo esimangazayo kule minyaka eyisishiyagalolunye edlule. Isilinganiso sobude besikhathi ingane ehlala ngaphakathi kohlelo.
Uma ubheka ukwanda nobude besikhathi esinqunyiwe lapho ingane ihlala ekunakekelweni ngabazali, khona-ke siphinde sifike ethubeni elifanayo "elingaphezulu" kwamaphesenti angama-90 lokuhlukunyezwa ngaphakathi kohlelo lokunakekelwa kwabazali abangabodwa.
Ngeshwa, uphenyo alulandelwa kahle ngenxa yezizathu eziningana, kepha ikakhulu ngenxa yokushoda kwabasebenzi abenele.
Ocwaningweni oluhlukile olwenziwe yiJohn Hopkins University, izibalo zabo zikhombisa ukuthi izingane ezisemindenini yokunakekelwa kweFoster nasemakhaya eGroup zinamathuba angama-4-28x okuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kunanoma isiphi esinye isimo kubandakanya nomndeni wazo wangaphambilini owawungasebenzi kahle.
Kungaba ukwelula ukwengeza lesi sibalo ekuhlukunyezweni okwasungulwa ngaphambili "okungaphezulu kuka-90%" ngaphakathi kohlelo lwe-Foster Care, kepha, kuyasisekela ngokuphelele. UJohn Hopkins University, ocwaningweni lwayo, ithi amathuba okuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi (lolu cwaningo lwalubhekiswe kuphela ekuhlukunyezweni ngokocansi kanye nokuhlukunyezwa) okungenani luphindwe kane kunasendaweni esivele isunguliwe.
Kuthathwe kuleso siqalo, nakanjani kukhomba ohlangothini olufanayo noma kungenakukwazi ukufika kuso ngokwezibalo.
Kokunye ukuhlola okuzimele okukhombisa ukuthi izingane eziningi azikubiki ukuhlukunyezwa njengoba zingazi ngobunjani bazo. Ucwaningo, olwalucwaninga ngokwemvelo, luzama ukususa umgubuzelo wobumsulwa ezenzweni zocansi nokwenza izingane zikhiphe izehlakalo ezithile ezazibandakanyeke kuzo. Ukusho okuncane ukuthi imiphumela yayethusa, futhi iningi lezingane lalibandakanyeka kokuningi kunesehlakalo esisodwa.
Uma ziningi izehlakalo ezingabikwanga ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene ezibandakanya ukukhuliswa ngendlela engafanele kwezingane ezingaphansi kwe-Foster care zikholelwa ukuthi udlame lwezocansi luthathwa njengokujwayelekile. Siphinde sifike kwesinye isifundo sifika esiphethweni esifanayo esisikisela isibalo "esingaphezu kuka-90%".
Izifundo ezine ezahlukahlukene ezivela esikhungweni sikahulumeni, kwezemfundo, ezingenzi nzuzo, kanye nenhlangano ezimele eqhuba izifundo ezinamazinga amane ahlukene ngokunukubezwa kwabanakekeli bonke okuholela esimweni esifanayo sesithombe kuyaphazamisa impela.
Ukunakekelwa kwabantwana besimanjemanje kuseyimoto efanayo yokuhlukunyezwa kwezingane njengoba kwakunjalo phambilini, izinhloso zazizinhle, futhi izincomo eziningi ezenziwa emakhulwini eminyaka adlule zokuguqula uhlelo lwenziwa ukuze zithuthukiswe. Kodwa-ke, isashoda, ifushane kakhulu.
Ukubika okuhlukumezayo okwenzeka ekunakekelweni ngabazali
Lesi simo siyadabukisa futhi siyadeleleka, kepha akunakwenzeka ukuthi sishintshe ngoba noma ngabe ukuhlukunyezwa kuholela ekufeni kwabantu, futhi kukhona abanye, izibalo ngokwazo kufakazelwe ukuthi azithembekile.
Isibalo esingathembekile kanye nezibalo ezindala kuyisibonakaliso esicacile senkinga yohlelo. Kukhombisa ukuthi uhulumeni akazi (noma akanandaba) ngokwenzeka ezinganeni ezingaphansi kokunakekelwa ngabazali. Izibalo zokufa ezingathembekile ezingaphansi kokunakekelwa ngabazali kuyafana nokungazi (noma ukunakekela) ukuthi kungani kunezingane ezifile esibhedlela.
Kuyinkohliso ukuthi izinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwezingane azigcini nokulandela umkhondo wokuthi kwenzekani ezinganeni ezinikezwe imindeni ye-Foster. Kuwubuzenzisi bangempela ukuthatha izingane ezivela emindenini engasebenzi kahle bese uzifaka ohlelweni olungasebenzi kahle kakhulu ukugcina nje imisebenzi yazo.
Uma bezophikisana ngenye indlela, okungenani babeyokwazi ukuthi zingaki izingane ezingaphansi kwecala labo ezafa nokuthi kungani. Ngenxa yohlobo lwenkonzo futhi kungumlando omnyama, kuyaqondakala ukuthi amaphesenti athile ezingane azohlukunyezwa ekunakekelweni ngabazali. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kwenzeka emindenini yabo, kungani abazali bokukhulisa behlukile.
Kodwa-ke, ukungazi ukuthi zingaki izingane ezafa, kungaphezu kokubhekwa nje. Ukuhlukumeza ekunakekelweni ngabazali kungafakwa ngezindlela eziningi, kepha ukufa kwehlukile. Ukufa kuyaqinisekiswa futhi ukungazi ukuthi ngabe ingane yafa ngaphansi kweso layo kungaphezu kokuhlukumeza okungafanele kanye nokunganakwa kobugebengu, kubi. Kungakho ukubika ukuhlukunyezwa kwabanakekeli okungabakhulisa kungasiza kakhulu ekunikezeni indawo ephephile ezinganeni ezinabazali abangekho esimweni sokuzinakekela.